This article was produced by National Geographic Traveler (UK).
In terms of culture and history, it’s hard to beat Kyoto, but its dense concentration of temples and historic architecture has inevitably led to big crowds and high prices. There are dozens of other ancient towns and villages to explore throughout Japan, with former samurai strongholds, old wooden shops and sake and beer breweries alongside art galleries and quirky museums.
1. Kurashiki
With cobblestone streets surrounding a willow-lined canal, Kurashiki’s historic Bikan district is one of the most beautiful in Japan. It is located on the coast of the Seto Inland Sea; travelers can float along the canal on a traditional wooden boat, or admire the wooden machiya (mansions) and converted white kura (warehouses). The Japanese jeans industry also started in this area and denim shops are a specialty of the city, along with nice cafes and cozy izakaya bars.
Top tip: Look out for Bizen wares, a traditional local pottery style that originated in the 14th century and is still sold throughout the city.
2. Nara
An easy day trip from Kyoto – and an even more rewarding overnight stay – Nara was the capital of Japan before Kyoto. The rapidly increasing power of Buddhist monasteries was the main reason for briefly moving the political center here in the eighth century, and the temples are still the main attraction. Wander through the city’s historic core and see enormous shrines, elegant gardens, a small geisha and entertainment district and, famously, free-roaming sacred deer.
Top tip: When visiting the temples, save Nigatsu-do for last. It is the best sunset viewpoint in the city and looks particularly beautiful when the lanterns are lit at dusk.
3. Kanazawa
The capital of Ishikawa Prefecture is often called ‘Little Kyoto’, thanks to its geisha quarters, temples and gardens. But its appeal extends to a samurai district plus museums and galleries, including the 21st-century Museum of Contemporary Art. Kanazawa also produces about 98% of Japan’s gold leaf, which is found in crafts, hotel decoration and even snacks.
Top tip: Head to the DT Suzuki Museum, named and dedicated to the acclaimed 20th-century Buddhist philosopher. Highlights include the minimalist architecture and the tranquil Water Mirror Garden.
4. Hiraizumi
In the 12th century, the Tohoku city of Hiraizumi rivaled Kyoto in terms of splendor and power. Today it is one of the best places to see temples from that era and hosts interesting historical events. Motsuji Temple is a highlight: a poetry festival with historical costumes is held in May; organizes tea ceremonies in June amid the 30,000 iris blooms of the temple garden; and plays host to gagaku court musicians as the woodland clover blooms in September.
Top tip: Hiraizumi is easy to move on two wheels; You can rent bicycles and e-bikes directly at the train station.
5. Matsumoto
This city in central Honshu has a spectacular location, with the Japanese Alps looming above. The black keep of Matsumoto Castle, against a backdrop of white peaks, is an iconic image of Japan. But travelers can also admire wood carvings at the Japan Ukiyo-e Museum and explore the independent shops, restaurants and craft breweries in the former warehouses of the central Nakamachi district.
Top tip: Matsumoto has some charming little museums. Don’t miss the Matsumoto Timepiece Museum and the Matsumoto Folk Craft Museum.
6. Matsue
Along with Matsumoto, Matsue has one of Japan’s few remaining original castles, dating back to the early 17th century. It is the capital of Shimane Prefecture in southwestern Japan and is also known for its well-preserved samurai district, home to Lafcadio Hearn – a European writer who lived here from 1890 and was one of the first to document Japan after its period of international isolation, which lasted from 1639 to 1853. There are also two notable gardens: Yushien, located on an island in Lake Nakaumi, and the Adachi Museum of Art garden, widely considered the best in Japan.
Top tip: You can take a relaxing trip in a wooden boat over the moat and canals; During the day, departures depart approximately every half hour.
Published in the January/February 2025 issue of National Geographic Traveler (UK).
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